12. "The TEDI Instrument for Near-IR Radial Velocity Surveys"

Tedi.spie.06c.pdf

J. Edelstein, D. Erskine, J. Lloyd, T. Herter, M. Marckwordt, and M. Feuerstein, SPIE 6269, Orlando FL, May 2006.

Briefly summarizes the interferometer portion of the TEDI project, which is to place a Doppler interferometer at Mt. Palomar 200 inch in series with Cornell's TripleSpec near-infrared spectrograph, to search for planets around cool stars.

11. "Noise Studies of EDI for Doppler Velocimetry"

OrlandoNoise17pp2.pdf

D.J. Erskine, J. Edelstein, J.P. Lloyd, and P. Muirhead, SPIE 6269, Orlando FL, May 2006.

Describes mathematical methods for calculating EDI and conventional photon-limited velocity noise, given any arbitrary stellar spectrum. Examples given for a T=1600 star in the near infrared, with various rotational blurring.

10. "High Resolution Absorption Specroscopy using Externally Dispersed Interferometry"

UVDiego5.pdf

J. Edelstein & D. Erskine, in Optics & Photonics, Proc. SPIE 5898 (2005)

Describes advantages of using EDI for high resolution absorption spectroscopy, such as for UV-observing space missions

9. "Externally Dispersed Interferometry for Planetary Studies"

TediDiego7.pdf

D. Erskine & J. Edelstein, in Optics & Photonics, Proc. SPIE 5905 (2005)

Plan to measure Doppler velocities of cool stars by combining an EDI with Cornell's TripleSpec IR spectrograph at Mt. Palomar Observatory

8. "Interferometric Resolution Boosting for Spectrographs"

Scot16Bppr2.pdf

D. Erskine & J. Edelstein, in Astronomical Instrumentation, Proc. SPIE 5492 (2004)

Demonstration of 6-times boost in spectral resolution, measuring iodine in a benchtop linear spectrograph

7. "High Resolution Broadband Spectroscopy using an Externally Dispersed Interferometer"

BoostApJ16939b.pdf

D. Erskine, J. Edelstein, W. M. Feuerstein & B.Welsh, Astrophys. Jrnl. Lett. 592, L103-L106, Aug. 1, 2003

Demonstration of resolution boosting effect on Lick Obs. echelle spectrograph using alpha-Virgo, and on a linear grating using sunlight.

6. "Spectral Astrometry Mission for Planets Detection"

SAMSPIE9b.pdf

D. Erskine & J. Edelstein, in Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, J. Angel, ed., Proc. SPIE 4852 (2003)

Demonstration of spectral astrometry, where the angular difference between two or three stars can be made without requiring a rigid baseline, by counting beats in broadband fringes.

5. "High- resolution Broadband Spectral Interferometry"

HiResSPIE13.pdf

D. Erskine & J. Edelstein, in Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, J. Angel, ed., Proc. SPIE 4854 (2003)

Demonstration of resolution boosting effect on Lick Obs. echelle spectrograph

4. "An Externally Dispersed Interferometer Prototype for Sensitive Radial Velocimetry: Theory and Demonstration on Sunlight"

ErskinePASP_Feb03c.pdf

D. Erskine, Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific 115, 255-269 (2003)

First-principles theory of EDI operation and Doppler data analysis methods, and demonstration data on sunlight showing 12 m/s lunar component.<Compare theories>. See also Ref. 7 for heterodyning reversal theory, and Ref. 12 for more details on Doppler velocity noise calculation.

3. "An Externally Dispersed Interferometer for Sensitive Doppler Extra-solar Planet Searches"

GeErskineRushford.pdf

J. Ge, D. Erskine & J. Rushford, Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific 114, 1016-1028 (2002)

1st stellar EDI data, at Lick Observatory in Dec. 1999, obtaining ~7 m/s precision.

2c. "Techniques in Broadband Interferometry"

Broadband Intrf Patents4d.pdf

D. Erskine, LLNL Report # UCRL-TR-201695, (2003)

Collection of Erskine's patents, reformatted into journal style to aid readability, describing interferometric techniques using white light and uncollimated beams

2b. "Combined Dispersive/interference Spectroscopy for Producing a Vector Spectrum"

FringingSpec13.pdf

David J. Erskine, US Patent 6,351,307, Filed 2000 Feb. 23, issued 2002 Feb. 26

Externally Dispersed Interferometer for Doppler velocimetry, high resolution spectroscopy, and angular measurements

2a. "Single and Double Superimposing Interferometer Systems"

IL-10000_excerpt.pdf

IL-10000.pdf

David J. Erskine, US Patent 6,115,121, Filed 1997 Oct. 31, issued 2000 Sept. 5

Designs, techniques and applications for angle-independent, or field-widened, interferometers using white light. Figs. 28A, B & C show a dispersed interferometer.

1. "Novel Interferometer Spectrometer for Sensitive Stellar Radial Velocimetry"

Erskine3D3f.pdf

D. Erskine & J. Ge, in Imaging the Universe in Three Dim.: Astphys. with Adv. Multi-Wvlngth. Imag. Dev., W. van Breugel & J. Bland-Hawthorn, ed., Astr. Soc. Pacific 195, 501 (2000)

Shows EDI 1st prototype and early solar and benchmark data

I. "First Extrasolar Planet Discovered with a New Generation....Instrument"

astro-ph_Jian_Ge_May2006.pdf

Jian Ge, J. van Eyken, S. Mahadevan, C. DeWitt et al., ApJ accepted, 2006

Paper describes the first exoplanet discovered using an EDI, by the Univ. of Florida group

H. "First Extrasolar Planet Discovered with a New Generation....Instrument"

AAS_2005_
Ge_abstract.pdf

Jian Ge, J. van Eyken, S. Mahadevan, C. DeWitt et al., Abstract 191.02, AAS Meeting 207 (2005)

Abstract describes the first exoplanet discovered using an EDI, by the Univ. of Florida group

G. "All Sky Extrasolar Planet Searches with Multi-Object Dispersed Fixed-delay Interferometer in Optical and near IR"

Ge_All_Sky_SPIE5492.pdf

Jian Ge, S. Mahadevan, J. van Eyken, C. DeWitt, J. Friedman, and D. Ren, Proc. SPIE 5492, 711-718, 2004

Plans for a future multi-object EDI at Sloan 2.5m, and results of current EDI at Kitt Peak

F. "Design of a stable fixed delay interferometer prototype for the ET project"

Mahadevan_SPIE2004.pdf

S. Mahadevan, Jian Ge, C. DeWitt, J. van Eyken, and G. Friedman, Proc. SPIE 5492, 615-623, 2004

Detailed theoretical analysis of how to make an angle independent delay using an etalon, and make it stable.

E. "Results from upgrades to the radial velocity instrument, ET, at the KPNO 2.1m"

vanEykenSPIE2004.pdf

J. van Eyken, Jian Ge, S. Mahadevan, C. DeWitt, J. Friedman, P. Finnerty, D. Ren, and M. Zugger, Proc. SPIE 5492, 445-451, 2004

Photos and schematic of improved EDI at Kitt Peak

D. "First Planet Confirmation with a Dispersed Fixed-Delay Interferometer"

Ge51Peg.pdf

J. van Eyken, Jian Ge, S. Mahadevan, & C. DeWitt, Astrophys. Jrnl. Lett. 600, L79-L82 (2004).

Detection of exoplanet around 51 Pegasi using EDI technique.

C. "A New Doppler Radial Velocity Machine at Kitt Peak for Extrasolar Planet Searches"

Ge_at_kpno.pdf

Jian Ge, s. Mahadevan, J. van Eyken, C. DeWitt & S. Shaklan, Kitt Peak Nat. Obsv Newsletter, p31, March (2003)

Detection of exoplanet around 51 Pegasi using EDI technique. Photo of apparatus.

C2. "All Sky Doppler Extrasolar Planet Surveys with a Multi-object Dispersed Fixed-delay Interferometer"

dc_et_02_2.pdf

Jian Ge, S. Mahadevan, J. van Eyken, C. DeWitt & S. Shaklan, in Scientific Frontiers in Research on Extrasolar Planets, ASP Conf. Series, ed. D. Deming & S. Seager, 2003

Description of Ge's EDI, current results with it, and plans to connect it to multiple fibers to observe many stars simultaneously.

B. "Erratum: Fixed Delay Interferometry for Doppler Extrasolar Planet Detection"

ApJ_Ge_Erratum.pdf

Jian Ge, Astrophys. Jrnl. Lett. 593, L147 (2003)

Corrects omission, that first-light stellar tests with EDI occurred in 1999 with the LLNL-Erskine instrument, not with the Penn. State instrument in 2001.<comments>

A. "Fixed Delay Interferometry for Doppler Extrasolar Planet Detection"

Ge.apjl.jun.02.pdf

Jian Ge, Astrophys. Jrnl. Lett. 571, L165-L168, (2002)

Announces the EDI technique as his own?, presents an approximate instrument theory for the Doppler measurement. <Compare theories>

dd. "Simple Method of Reducing Prismatic Spectra"

EdserButler1898Fs.pdf

Edser, E & Butler, C.P., Philos. Mag. 46, pp. 207-216 (1898)

Early use of a Fabry-Perot interferometer in series with a dispersive spectrograph. Differences with EDI include: a) Fabry-Perot interferometer, not Michelson-- fringes are non-sinusoidal due to multiple reflections inside interferometer cavity; b) angle-dependent delay (not field-widened) restricts use to small delays and point sources.

cc. "Laser interferometer for measuring high velocities of any reflecting surface"

Barker_
Hollenbach1972.pdf

L.M. Barker & R.E. Hollenbach, J. Appl. Phys. 43, 4669-4675 (1972).

Example of a monochromatic (i.e. undispersed) velocity interferometer using a wide-angle Michelson, for measuring velocities of laser illuminated shock physics targets.

bb. "Absolute Astronomical Accelerometry"

Accelerometry_
Connes.pdf

P. Connes, AstrPhy. Spc. Sci. 110, 211-255 (1985).

Thorough theoretical analysis of conventional Doppler measurement. Introduction of quality factor Q which calculates photon limited velocity noise obtainable from a given arbitrary spectrum.

aa. "Wide-Angle Michelson Interferometer for Measuring Doppler Line Widths"

Hilliard_
Shepard1966.pdf

R.L. Hilliard and G.G. Shepherd, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 56, 362-369 (1966).

Example usage of a wide-angle Michelson, i.e. field-widening, or a superimposing interferometer.

Contacts

David Erskine
erskine1@llnl.gov
925-422-9545
Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab.

Jerry Edelstein
jerrye@ssl.berkeley.edu
510-642-0599
Space Sciences Lab., UC Berkeley